The article examines the main trends in the domestic and foreign policy development of the Central Asian states in the current situation of increasing global geopolitical and geo-economic turbulence. The prospects for the short-term development of the states of the region in conditions changing from the beginning of 2022 are assessed. At the same time, this set of issues is analyzed from the point of view of the national interests of the Russian Federation. This option was chosen due to the special significance of the Central Asian region for maintaining stability not only of the Russian Federation, but also of the entire Eurasian space. Separately, the author considers the necessary measures required from Russia to support the Central Asian republics, preventing them from becoming a zone of the “second front” of the collective West against the Russian Federation and weakening continental stability.

The article analyzes the new approach of the leadership of the Republic of Belarus to the organization of the structure of legislative power and elections to the National Assembly and local councils. The author pays special attention to the specifics of the 2024 election campaign and the process of forming the All-Belarusian National Assembly.

The article analyzes the environmental aspects of the programs of candidates for the 2024 presidential elections in Russia. Key initiatives and proposals to improve the environmental situation are highlighted, and the most significant directions for the development of environmental policy are highlighted.

The article describes the basic principles of formation of political institutions and processes with the help of digital technologies. The main principles of digitalization in politics and its impact on modern political institutions are revealed. In addition, the author paid attention to the essence of political institutions, as well as their formation under the influence of digital technologies. The relevance of this research topic is determined by the significance of the effectiveness of the formation of processes in politics and the direct impact that digitalization and digital technologies have on them. The paper examines different views of modern scholars on the problem of formation of political institutions under the influence of digital technologies. By assessing the different ways and methods used by political actors and countries to adopt digital technologies, it is possible to trace changes in relevant social relations and to investigate how digital technologies affect political discourse. In this way, three areas are defined: digital democracy, digital bureaucracy and digital diplomacy. Finally, the author analyzes concepts, models and scenarios of digitalization, and describes the basic principles of “social intelligence” in artificial machines that collect and analyze the digital footprints of the target audience. Special attention is paid to Russia, on its path to digital transformation.

The article discusses the theoretical aspects of using soft power to increase the investment attractiveness of states. The main tools for promoting soft power are considered and their potential effectiveness is determined, as well as the evolution of soft power tools. As a result, the article concludes that the development of soft power policy contributes to building a positive international image of any state, increases the competitiveness of its industrial, cultural, scientific and technical products.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of educational programs in promoting the development of a solidary economy and cooperative organizations. The work contains an overview of the scientific literature dealing with the problem of developing educational products for organizations of a solidary housekeeper, a historical excursion of cooperative courses in Russia at the beginning of the XIX century is given. Based on the results of the survey, the problems of the shortage of qualified personnel of domestic cooperative enterprises and the lack of specialized educational programs for cooperation have been identified. The content of foreign training courses for the structures of solidarity economy and cooperation is considered. The authors present recommendations for educational institutions and governing bodies, public organizations to improve the training of personnel in the solidarity economy and cooperation.

In recent years, the sector of freight and commercial work in railway transport has undergone global changes in the field of customer orientation. The purpose of the presented scientific research is to assess the formation of new digital services and services of JSC Russian Railways for the registration of transportation documents, the provision of contactless digital formats, which have become the main tool for interaction between the client, the rolling stock operator and the carrier. The algorithm of acceptance of empty and loaded wagons for transportation in digital format is presented, the relevance of the formation of new digital services of JSC “Russian Railways” for registration of transportation documents in the field of freight transportation is proved. The feasibility study for the reception of empty and loaded wagon traffic to the transportation process in the “Digital transceiver” format with the organization of combining professions is calculated in advance, using the example of the operation of the railway station of the Eastern Polygon of railways and adjustments are allowed in the process of implementing a similar design solution for other facilities.

The article is devoted to a historical review of the development of money, an analysis of the current state of the world and Russian monetary systems, a dialectical analysis of the history of money and a picture of the near future of the world monetary system. Within the framework of this study, the author reviews the available statistical data on the dynamics of the share of cash and non-cash transactions worldwide, in large financial centers and in Russia. Compiles a list of beneficial effects for the economy after the implementation of the digital currency introduction project. Analyzes the problems of the shadow sector of the economy using the methods of game theory.

The article is a study of the nature of conservatism in modern political rhetoric. The author analyzes the key concepts of conservatism, its inherent features, approaches, and the main provisions defining the content of its ideology, as set out in the works of Russian scientists.

Using the example of the activity at S.V. Morozov’s factory in the township of Nikolskoye (the Pokrov district, the Vladimir province), the article reveals the difficulties typical for the formation of a hired workforce labour market in the textile industry during the 30s and early 60s of the XIX century. The author uses archival documents to analyze the problems of relations between entrepreneurs, hired workers and local authorities. The research proves the fact that the textile industry labour market formation took place under economic, class and legal restrictions.