Reforming the party structure of Russian society has been one of the most popular topics of Russian political thought for more than twenty years. In accordance with Federal Law No. 95-FZ of 11.07.2001 “On Political Parties”, parties are created for the participation of citizens in the political life of society, to represent their interests in government bodies, etc. The development of the party system in the early 2000s was set as one of the main directions of the development of a democratic state. However, the world-famous leader of the Libyan revolution, Muammar Al-Gaddafi, believed that the activities of parties are a farce, unrelated to true democracy, and in the political system of a truly democratic state is not a necessary element. Consideration of such a controversial theory in the concept of the modern development of the party system in Russia is relevant in the aspect of modern research of domestic political parties.

This article analyzes the current topic of applying the civilizational approach to the study of emerging armed and political conflicts. S. Huntington’s political civilization concept considered in the context of the integration of Crimea and Donbass with the Russian Federation. The author defends the thesis that these processes are the result of the collision of two large civilizations: Orthodox and Western. The author comes to the conclusion that, proceeding from the current situation, the Russian Federation, as the “core state” of the Orthodox civilization, needs to accept the civilizational challenge that has arisen before it, aggravated around the situation in Donbass.

The article analyzes the methods of populism used by R. Erdogan to gain and retain power in Turkey. The key characteristics of this phenomenon are briefly outlined, significant facts from the biography of the politician for research are identified. In particular, the most significant events in the country are analyzed, as well as the further threat of the use of populism is shown by the example of economic imbalance.

The problems of reforming the local level of government in Russia have not lost their relevance for more than twenty years. To date, issues related to the effectiveness of local government, economic and managerial aspects, as well as the applicability of various electoral systems at the municipal level are extremely acute. The transition from a majority system to a proportional system, as well as to a mixed one, the absolute leadership of the “party of power”, the liberalization of electoral and party legislation – these aspects are put by the author as the basis of his research and are studied from the perspective of reforming local self-government in the Moscow region.

The work presents an attempt to research some particular theory groups prognostic potential in the field of economics: marginalism and neoclassic; Keynesian and neo-Keynesian theories (Keynesian models of economic growth); neoclassical models of economic growth; economic theory cycles; game theory in economics; institutional and evolutional theories; surplus value theory. Finally, it has been proved that economic theories refer only to micro-and-macro researches, their prognostic potential being limited from the point of view of unprecedented modern integration processes’(connected with digital economics and digital property) analysis.

The article analyzes and summarizes the results of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial condition of Russians. Analytical data on the number of cases both in Russia and around the world are presented. The article describes the result of the author’s sociological research conducted among the working-age population of Russia and proved that financial literacy at the peak of the spread of coronavirus is more relevant than ever before. The authors concluded that the situation can be corrected only through an informal approach to the implementation of the National Strategy for Improving Financial Literacy of the population.

The ecological situation in the world is deteriorating every year. The transition to a circular economy can mitigate and, in the future, reduce the negative impact on the environment due to the rational use of existing resources. Within the framework of this study, the main opportunities that emerge because of introducing a circular economy are highlighted. The application of this concept provides a reduction in the negative impact on the environment, a decrease in the volume of resources used, and contributes to the development of durable and innovative products. However, there are also a number of financial, institutional and technological barriers to the introduction of a circular economy. Since the transition to a new concept requires the restructuring of the usual production process, many ways and methods were considered to promote the introduction of a circular economy, as a result of which three blocks were identified. As part of the first block, the increase in consumer awareness of the concept of a circular economy through webinars and seminars on global environmental issues, the concept of sustainable development, ESG criteria, environmental campaigns, and active product labeling can be noted. In the second block, the increase in the motivation of companies in the field of implementing the ideas of the circular economy, their involvement in the joint development of criteria for standards in order to conduct socially responsible business was highlighted. In the third block, a special role of the state, which can influence companies through state support such as benefits and subsidies and public procurement, was emphasized. Within each block, the effectiveness of existing practices on the market was considered and recommendations were made to improve the situation.

The digital transformation inspired by the spread of Industry 4.0 technologies affects organizations of various types and any industry affiliation, and forms unique competitive advantages. The process of digital transformation of organizations to the level of Industry 4.0 is initiated, carried out and managed by people, which raises the question of developing a specific system of personnel assessment criteria. For that purpose, the article considers an approach to formulating key performance indicators (KPI) for the implementation of Industry 4.0 digital technologies in an organization, formed on the analysis of research papers in the field of evaluating efficiency and productivity. The authors proposed a multi-level complex of KPI, determined taking into account international standards, and presented a step-by-step sequence of their application. The proposed complex of KPI is able to increase the involvement of the organization’s personnel in the process of its digital transformation and the creation of new competitive advantages in the market.

The article deals with the issues of periodization of the history of world transport, analyzes the historical development of transport routes, infrastructure, vehicles, power plants, as well as the geographical coverage of the world transport system in different periods of human history. The history of transport is briefly considered and the periods of its development in the context of world history.

This article examines the ownership of the territory of the Crimean peninsula. The statuses of this territory are analyzed after the facts of transfer from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR and acceptance in 2014 into the Russian Federation. An opinion was put forward about the legitimacy of this adoption, justified, first of all, by the right to self-determination of peoples. References are given to the legislation of states, acts of international law, treaties, agreements.