The article examines the main trends of the internal political and economic situation in Moldova on the eve of the parliamentary elections, analyzes the political, legal and economic conditions in which the elections will be held, the role and place of European structures in supporting pro-European political forces, including non-governmental organizations. Romania’s role in the current events is also being considered, including in connection with the controversial situation that has developed in the country following the results of the twice-held presidential elections.

The article analyzes the perception of Russia’s foreign policy in public opinion, focusing on the dynamics of ambition, pragmatism, and the transformation of views in the context of geopolitical instability. The author examines the evolution of modern hybrid conflicts, emphasizing the limited effectiveness of forceful methods and the need to combine military power with economic, energy, and information instruments of influence. It is noted that even successful military operations do not provide long-term political results, and international isolation increases risks for the economy. Particular attention is paid to the role of hybrid confrontation, where propaganda, cyberattacks, and information wars aimed at consolidating domestic support and destabilizing opponents become key. The contrast between “virtual victories” (for example, creating an image of success) and real economic and demographic losses is emphasized.

Based on sociological data, generational differences are revealed: the older generation, nostalgic for the Soviet period, more often supports an independent policy, while the youth demonstrates ambition in goals, but pragmatism in methods. At the same time, a significant part of society (18%) advocates a hard line, despite the general trend in favor of a balance of power and diplomacy.

The study records an increase in support for Russia’s foreign policy over the past 15 years, especially among women and older respondents, which is associated with increased confidence in the country’s ability to defend its interests. The author points to the influence of state propaganda in the formation of patriotic attitudes and conservative views, and also analyzes the relationship between the perception of the successes/ failures of politics and the preferences of citizens.

The article contributes to understanding the transformation of public opinion in the context of escalating conflicts, emphasizing the complex interaction of historical experience, pragmatism and geopolitical ambitions in the context of modern Russian foreign policy.

In the article, the author analyzes the activities of the Belarusian opposition abroad, focusing on its pro-Western orientation and nationalist ideology. The article examines the genesis of Belarusian nationalism as the basis for opposition activities, highlights its Russophobic nature and opposition to integration with Russia. It is emphasized that the political crisis of 2020 had an impact on the Belarusian diasporas, intensifying their participation in solidarity actions, but there are no mass politically active organizations in the diaspora.

The article is a continuation of the study of the historical policy of the Central Asian republics in the context of understanding the Great Patriotic War. The transformations in the interpretation of this topic after the collapse of the USSR are investigated, especially in the light of modern “memory wars”. The author focuses on how different approaches to memory politics in the region, driven by geopolitical factors, influence public opinion about the role and significance of war for the peoples of Central Asia. The impact of these processes on the perception of the overall contribution of the Soviet republics to Victory is assessed.

This article examines the role of two prominent global powers — the United States and the United Kingdom — in shaping the geopolitical framework of the post-Soviet space. The focus is placed on the multifaceted deployment of military, economic, and political tools through which these nations seek to consolidate and expand their influence in the region. Particular attention is devoted to the strategic use of military bases, infrastructural investments, and economic dependencies as instruments of external intervention, alongside the manipulation of domestic political processes, exemplified by the promotion of “colour revolutions”. The study investigates the ramifications of these strategies on the sovereignty of states striving to preserve their independence, while also considering the long-term repercussions for regional security and the broader global political order.

The article analyzes the views of Russian and foreign researchers on the current problems of consolidating democracy as the final stage of democratic transits. The method of secondary analysis of research results is applied. The author draws conclusions about the acquisition of national-specific character by democratic transits and suggests a hypothesis about the formation of a new type of political systems.

Open Joint Stock Company Russian Railways and its subsidiaries (hereinafter referred to as the Russian Railways holding) is the largest employer in the Russian Federation, a systemically important element of the Russian economy, a key link in the country’s transport system, and an integral part of the Eurasian railway network. The Russian Railways holding strives to maintain its leading position in the global market of transport services and railway technologies. The purpose of the presented scientific research is to define the basic principles and rules regarding responsible business management aimed at creating value for the Russian Railways holding company by achieving a balance between economic benefits and positive environmental and social impact. The effective functioning of the railway transport of the Russian Federation plays an exceptional role in creating conditions for modernization, the transition to an innovative path of development and sustainable growth of the national economy, and contributes to the creation of conditions for ensuring Russia’s leadership in the global economic system.

In order to reduce transportation costs during transportation and increase competitiveness in the transport market, the authors propose to consider scenarios for the development of the transport and logistics business with the existing forks in the development strategy.

The national strategic goal of any State is socio-economic development. One of the most important areas of socio-economic development is the improvement of living standards. Russia is no exception. Improving the standard of living of citizens has a tremendous effect on other sectors of the country’s economy, which is important in the context of sanctions pressure on Russia. This article examines the indicator of the poverty rate in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the dynamics of this indicator.

In the context of the deterioration of relations between Russia and most European countries caused by the special military operation, our country is intensifying relations with a number of Eastern countries. The People’s Republic of China (hereinafter PRC) is becoming one of the main partners. This situation gives rise to a special interest in the existing experience of contacts through various institutions.

The article analyzes the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter referred to as the ROC) in China in terms of its possible impact on both relations with Russia and the country’s identity, and concludes that the ROC plays a positive role in relations between the two countries. It is also taken into account that the Orthodox Church in China is an institution that influences the formation of a type of identity that is not typical for this country, which also allows us to talk about some principles of interaction in similar situations. The authors also point out some problems that hinder the development of Orthodoxy in China.

The article examines the issue of the semantic content of the concept of “universal civilization”, provides a retrospective analysis of the terminology of “local” and “universal” civilizations based on cultural concepts of domestic and foreign researchers. The criteria of universal civilization and four types historically formed during world history are given: Hellenistic civilization, Roman civilization, Byzantine civilization and Russian civilization.

The author of the article analyzes sports magazines, constituent documents of sports organizations of the early 20th century in order to identify the main problems that football leagues and sports clubs faced at the stage of football formation in Russia. Using the example of one of the best teams of the Moscow Football League “Morozovtsev” (“ClubSport Orekhovo”), the conditions for joining a sports club are considered, the features of managing organizational processes and financial support for the club’s activities are identified. The author notes the facts of the inaccessibility of “league football” of the early 20th century to the broad masses. At the same time, football league competitions prompted spontaneously emerging non-league football teams to adopt the general principles of sports organization.