The article analyzes the geo-economic activity of the People’s Republic of China in the post-Soviet space in the context of the transformation of regional and global economic relations. The purpose of the study is to identify the key directions, instruments, and consequences of China’s economic presence in the post-Soviet region, as well as to determine its systemic effects on regional development and the balance of power.
The methodological framework of the study is based on elements of geo-economic and comparative analysis, as well as the examination of selected country case studies. Based on an analysis of investment projects, trade and economic relations, and infrastructure initiatives, the article demonstrates that China’s strategy in the region is differentiated and adapted to the economic and political conditions of specific states. It is shown that China’s geo-economic expansion creates both opportunities for economic growth in host countries and risks associated with increasing external dependence and asymmetric economic relations.
The article concludes that China’s activities in the post-Soviet space represent not merely a set of isolated projects, but a long-term strategy that shapes the regional economic architecture and influences the balance of interests among key actors.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the formation of a new political elite in the Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) through the recruitment of young people. The historical and modern channels 
of integration from volunteer formations and public organizations (the “Young Republic”) to the institutions of the Russian youth policy system (the “Movement of the First”, the “Young Guard”) are considered. The key problems are identified and measures are proposed to improve the mechanisms of elite renewal to ensure sustainable integration of the region into the political space of Russia.

The article is devoted to the study of relations between the Republic of Belarus and NATO in the context of the changing regional situation in Europe. Based on current data, the author identified a number of key factors influencing the interaction of Belarus and the North Atlantic Alliance in the period under review. The main areas of cooperation and the contradictions between the parties are shown. A conclusion is made about Minsk’s desire to develop cooperation with NATO on mutually acceptable terms in order to ensure European security.

The article examines the integration potential of youth patriotic associations of Russia and Belarus. Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework, sociological data and practices of leading organizations, key areas of activity have been identified: military patriotic education, preservation of historical memory, volunteerism and the formation of a unified cultural and educational space. The role of joint projects in consolidating youth, existing constraints and promising solutions, including the development of a unified concept of patriotic education and the development of digital platforms to strengthen a common identity, are considered.

The article examines international practices of digital dialogue between government and society in the United States, Europe, and Asia from an institutional perspective. It demonstrates that the effectiveness of digital communication depends not on technological sophistication but on its integration into public governance structures. The study identifies both the potential and the limitations of adapting foreign digital dialogue practices to the Russian political and administrative context.

The article examines the Pridnestrovian identity through the prism of the concept of ontological security. The article focuses on two directions of the formation of the Transnistrian identity: civilizational and civic. A special place in the work is given to the issues of the mnemonic confrontation between Moldova and Pridnestrovie.

Information security is becoming a key condition for the sustainable development of the economy, as the digitalization of business is accompanied by an increase in the number of cyber attacks on confidential economic information. Based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of information security, statistical data from Rosstat, the Central Bank of Russia and Forbes, as well as modern scientific research and cases of the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI), it is shown that traditional methods of protection do not provide an adequate level of protection of economic data. It has been revealed that the state consistently forms a comprehensive system for countering economic crimes, but the scale of cybercrime remains significant. The key role of artificial intelligence as a strategic tool for detecting and preventing illegal transactions through the analysis of big data, the use of machine learning algorithms, generative models, biometric technologies and quantum computing is substantiated. Recommendations on the integration of AI solutions into the practice of government regulation and corporate economic information protection systems are formulated, taking into account the need for a balance between the reliability of protective mechanisms and the convenience of their use.

The article examines the differentiation of living standards in Russia in the context of threats to economic security. The study continues a series of publications and focuses on assessing key socio-economic indicators 
that characterize the population’s standard of living using the index method and the method of confidence intervals. The analysis considers real disposable incomes, the poverty level, the decile coefficient, the Gini coefficient, as well as the ratio of average per capita incomes to the subsistence minimum.
Based on the calculations performed, the main trends in the dynamics of these indicators are identified, and risk zones are determined from the perspective of economic security. In addition, forecasting of key living standard indicators is carried out using several methods, which 
makes it possible to construct alternative scenarios for their mediumterm development. The results obtained indicate the ambiguous nature of socio-economic dynamics: alongside certain signs of improvement, 
persistent risks associated with social differentiation and poverty remain.
The study concludes that there is a need for active and targeted state social policy aimed at reducing inequality, improving living standards, and minimizing threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation.

The article provides a comparative analysis of sustainable development strategies implemented by the European Union, the United States, China, and Russia. The methodological basis of the research includes comparative and statistical analysis. The study’s novelty lies in examining the implementation of the sustainable development concept in Russia within the context of intensifying global economic and geopolitical competition among major centers of power.
The results demonstrate that the European Union follows an ideologically driven model focused on achieving carbon neutrality, which often leads to higher economic costs and slower growth. The United States exhibits political polarization in its approach: while the Democratic Party promotes environmental initiatives, the Republican Party prioritizes industrial competitiveness, resulting in policy inconsistency. China’s sustainable development policy is characterized by pragmatism and export orientation; state subsidies and industrial incentives have turned the country into a global leader in clean technologies.
In Russia, sustainable development evolved from market-driven ESG adoption by large businesses in the early 2000s to a state-coordinated model integrated into national strategic planning. The Russian approach seeks to balance economic efficiency, social progress, and environmental protection, emphasizing technological sovereignty and long-term stability. Cooperation with BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation reflects Russia’s aspiration to develop alternative frameworks for sustainable development that consider national interests and economic realities.

The article examines assessments of the memorialization of Garegin Nzhdeh and Drastamat Kanayan in modern Armenia as presented in academic publications by Armenian, Russian, and Azerbaijani authors, as well as in journalistic and online sources. The source base includes scholarly works on memory politics and historical memory of the Great Patriotic War, media materials, and user comments. The study employs discourse analysis and comparative analysis. It is shown that the transformation of figures who collaborated with Nazi Germany into national heroes is evaluated ambiguously in both academic and public discourse and is used by neighboring states to accuse Armenia of “glorifying fascism.” At the same time, within Armenia, Nzhdeh and Kanayan are perceived primarily as fighters for an independent Armenian state, which indicates a shift in memory politics from a shared Soviet narrative toward a nationally oriented one.

The article analyzes the contemporary stage in the historiography of P. N. Milyukov’s scholarly legacy. Based on a historiographical analysis, it is shown that the expansion of the source base and the decline of politicized assessments have facilitated a transition from fragmentary and evaluative interpretations to a more comprehensive consideration of Milyukov’s views as a historian, thinker, and public figure. The article identifies the persistent fragmentation of recent historiography, manifested in the separate examination of individual aspects of P. N. Milyukov’s concept and the absence of a synthetic approach to its interpretation. The conclusion emphasizes the significant heuristic potential of his legacy and the necessity of its further comprehensive study within the context of the development of Russian historical thought.

The article examines contemporary Russian historiography on the political elite of Russia in the period 2020–2025. The study employs methods of historiographical analysis, the problem-chronological and comparative approaches, as well as elements of structural-historical analysis of scholarly works. As a result, the main directions in the study of the Russian political elite are identified, and a shift is recorded from transitological and normative interpretations toward an analysis of continuity, structural transformation, and adaptation of the elite stratum in the recent history of Russia. It is demonstrated that contemporary historiography increasingly interprets the political elite as a relatively stable socio-power group whose evolution is determined by long-term historical processes of post-Soviet development. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the systematization and clarification of historiographical approaches to the study of the Russian political elite, while its practical significance consists in the possibility of applying the findings in further research and in teaching courses on contemporary Russian history and the history of the post-Soviet space.