INTERESTS OF WESTERN COUNTRIES AND THE USSR IN THE BLACK SEA REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MONTREUX CONVENTION OF 1936 AND 1945

Abstract

The Black Sea region is under the close attention of the leading Western countries in the face of the United States and Great Britain, and the main players in military counteraction between themselves are Russia and Turkey. The Bosphorus and Dardanelles Straits have historically been the epicenter of conflicts and bloody military operations for centuries. The Montreux Convention awarded Turkey the legal status of guardian of regional security in the Straits and Black Sea Powers zone. During the Great Patriotic War, the Turkish side neglected the status of the guardian of security in the region and thereby influenced the revision of the Montreux Convention in 1945. The article analyzes the reasons for the revision of the Montreux Convention, and also studies the results taking into account the interests of Western countries with Turkey, Russia (USSR) and the United States. The USSR found itself in a losing position and all the demands that were presented by the Stalinist leadership were eventually annulled by N.S. Khrushchev. The goals and objectives of defending Soviet interests were not realized.