An important role in the formation of the Polish diaspora in Western Siberia was played by the political exile of Polish exiles. The mass exile of Poles dates back to the era of the national liberation movements of the XIX century. However, at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. The voluntary migration of Poles to the east of the empire in search of earnings, income and land also increased. After the revolution of 1905–1907, the exile in a row was resumed. cities of the Tobolsk province of political exiled Poles. At the end of December 1939, a new wave of deportations of Poles, the so-called "osadniks" and their family members began. Since 1942, they began to organize institutions of social protection and guardianship of the children of the repressed Poles. In the summer of 1945, an agreement was signed between Poland and the Soviet Union on the right to renounce Soviet citizenship and evacuate to Poland for persons of Polish and Jewish nationality living in the USSR. To better implement the agreement, a Polish-Soviet Commission on Repatriation was established.